30 In Stern’s thorough review, 9 a gamut of blink end points are presented and compared, such as amplitude, within-subject analysis of variance, duration of closure, catch-up blinks, and frequency and duration of flurries. 29 Eyelid closures of long duration may result from such factors as fatigue, and are often described as microsleeps, although they may occur in non-sleep-deprived normal subjects during work hours and may or may not be confirmed by electroencephalogram activity indicating actual sleep.
These have been shown to increase lipid expression 28 and increase tear-film thickness. 26, 27 So-called “squeeze blinks” are long-duration lid closures accompanied by elevated pressure on the lid margin. 25 More recently, spontaneous eyeblink activity and its neural control have been studied independently of disease. 17 While absolute blink rates have been well studied in dry eye, 18 – 22 we focused on exploring blink patterns and how individuals with dry eye may differ in their ability to modulate these patterns successfully to maintain optimal visual tasking.īlinks have been defined in various ways, depending on the field of study, including kinematic properties (eg, duration) and associated neural activity, 4, 23 reflex, voluntary, endogenous, and conditioned responses, 24 and nonblink closures. 16 We have also focused our attention on the varying patterns of blink, finding that the IBIs surrounding extended blink closures increase significantly in dry-eye subjects. We study blink and how it is affected by dry eye and visual task, and have recently reported on interblink intervals (IBIs) and their temporal and mathematical characteristics that can be used to differentiate dry-eye and normal subjects. Dry-eye subjects frequently complain of ocular fatigue 13 and decreased visual performance related to their disease, 14, 15 and it is intriguing to speculate what role altered blink states have in both fatigue and dry eye. 10 – 12 In dry eye, blink may function as a compensator for a dysfunctional and unstable tear film, further worsening the negative consequences on visual function.
#ERRORPROVIDER BLINK RATE DRIVER#
2 – 4 Blink rates are known to decrease with tasks of increasing difficulty, 5 – 8 as well as in states of fatigue 9 and with time on task, 10 findings that have prompted investigation into blink-tracking devices as a means of monitoring driver safety. 1 The mechanical properties of blinking were studied extensively in the 1980s by Doane and others. Thirty years ago, we first classified blinks as complete, partial, and squeeze, with abnormalities observed in relation to keratitis. Blink phenomena have been extensively studied in various contexts of disease, fatigue and alertness, and visual tasking.
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